Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that allows a doctor to examine the inner lining of the large intestine (colon and rectum). This is done using a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope, which has a light and a camera attached to it. The camera sends images of the inside of the colon to a monitor, enabling the doctor to inspect the intestinal lining for abnormalities.
Purpose of Colonoscopy:
Colonoscopy is performed for various diagnostic and therapeutic reasons:
1. Screening for Colorectal Cancer:
- It's commonly used as a screening tool for colorectal cancer and can detect early signs of cancer such as polyps, which can be removed before they turn cancerous.
2. Investigating Gastrointestinal Symptoms:
- Chronic diarrhea or constipation
- Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
- Unexplained weight loss
- Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort
3. Diagnosing Conditions:
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
- Diverticulosis and diverticulitis
- Colonic polyps
- Other sources of gastrointestinal bleeding
4. Therapeutic Interventions:
- Removal of polyps (polypectomy)
- Biopsy of suspicious areas
- Treatment of bleeding lesions
Advantages of Colonoscopy:
- Early Detection: Identifies precancerous polyps and early-stage colorectal cancer, significantly improving treatment outcomes.
- Therapeutic Capability: Allows for immediate treatment of certain conditions, such as polyp removal, reducing the need for additional procedures.
- Comprehensive Examination: Provides a thorough examination of the entire colon, offering more detailed information than other diagnostic tests.
- Preventative: Removal of polyps during the procedure can prevent the development of colorectal cancer.