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Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that allows a doctor to examine the inner lining of the large intestine (colon and rectum). This is done using a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope, which has a light and a camera attached to it. The camera sends images of the inside of the colon to a monitor, enabling the doctor to inspect the intestinal lining for abnormalities.

Purpose of Colonoscopy:

Colonoscopy is performed for various diagnostic and therapeutic reasons:

1. Screening for Colorectal Cancer:

  • It's commonly used as a screening tool for colorectal cancer and can detect early signs of cancer such as polyps, which can be removed before they turn cancerous.

2. Investigating Gastrointestinal Symptoms:

  • Chronic diarrhea or constipation
  • Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort

3. Diagnosing Conditions:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
  • Diverticulosis and diverticulitis
  • Colonic polyps
  • Other sources of gastrointestinal bleeding

4. Therapeutic Interventions:

  • Removal of polyps (polypectomy)
  • Biopsy of suspicious areas
  • Treatment of bleeding lesions

Advantages of Colonoscopy:

  • Early Detection: Identifies precancerous polyps and early-stage colorectal cancer, significantly improving treatment outcomes.
  • Therapeutic Capability: Allows for immediate treatment of certain conditions, such as polyp removal, reducing the need for additional procedures.
  • Comprehensive Examination: Provides a thorough examination of the entire colon, offering more detailed information than other diagnostic tests.
  • Preventative: Removal of polyps during the procedure can prevent the development of colorectal cancer.
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